Transforming cold chain logistics: a reversible vehicle routing approach for sustainable and efficient delivery of perishable goods

As global demand for perishable goods rises, logistics providers face challenges in managing temperature-sensitive products. Traditional vehicle routing models often neglect cold chain requirements, including temperature control and strict delivery schedules. Additionally, sustainability concerns drive the need for eco-friendly logistics practices, as passive packaging methods contribute to waste. This study introduces a reversible cold chain vehicle routing model that integrates the Internet of Things and a multi-objective optimisation framework for real-time monitoring. Incorporating cold chain time windows, recycling constraints, and social sustainability, the model demonstrates how technology can enhance cold chain logistics and support circular economy goals.