Reliability and factorial validity of the Persian Adult ADHD Self-Report scale in university students

Background and Aim: Adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is prevalent and impairing, yet underdiagnosed in many low- and middle-income countries, partly due to the scarcity of culturally adapted screening tools. This study examined the psychometric properties of a Persian version of the World Health Organization Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS v1.1) in university students. Method: Participants were 128 Iranian students (52% women, 48% men) selected through simple random sampling. The ASRS v1.1 was translated using a forward–backward procedure and expert review. Content validity indices were calculated, and a multi-method psychometric approach was applied, combining classical test theory, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses on polychoric correlations, and multidimensional item response theory. Convergent validity was examined with Conners’ Adult ADHD Rating Scales – Self‑Report: Short Version (CAARS-S:S) indices. Results: Analyses supported a 14-item, three-factor solution—Attention Problems, Hyperactivity, and Impulsivity. The model showed acceptable global fit (CFI = .91, NFI = .92, RMSEA = .07, and GFI = .89). Internal consistency was acceptable for the total score (Cronbach’s α = .79) and good for the three dimensions (αs ≥ .81). Item response theory results indicated ordered thresholds, adequate discrimination, and good measurement precision from low to moderately high ADHD symptom levels. ASRS scores correlated positively with CAARS-S:S indices, supporting convergent validity. Conclusions: The 14-item Persian ASRS v1.1 demonstrates adequate reliability, factorial validity, and convergent validity in Iranian university students and appears suitable for research applications and preliminary screening of adult ADHD symptoms in this context.