Melanoma-associated antigen-A1 expression predicts resistance to docetaxel and paclitaxel in advanced and recurrent gastric cancer

Melanoma-associated antigen (MAGE) genes are cancer-testis antigen genes that serve as immunotherapy targets in several human cancers. Previous studies have revealed that the forced expression of MAGE genes induces a paclitaxel-resistant phenotype. In the present study, we examined whether the expression of MAGE-A1 could predict the response of advanced and recurrent gastric cancers (GCs) to taxan (doce-taxel or paclitaxel)-based chemotherapy. The expression of MAGE-A1 was analyzed by immunostaining in 41 primary GC samples. DNA demethylation was assessed by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction and the effect of the forced expression of MAGE-A1 on drug resistance to taxan drugs was monitored by MTT assay. The expression of MAGE-A1 in primary GC was observed in 4 (9.8%) of 41 cases. All 4 patients with MAGE-A1-positive GC showed progressive disease, whereas MAGE-A1 expression was not detected in any of the 23 patients showing partial response (P=0.0302). There was no association between MAGE-A1 gene demethylation and response to chemotherapy (P=0.7245). The forced MAGE-A1 expression in the TMK-1 GC cell line increased the sensitivity to paclitaxel and docetaxel. These results suggest that although MAGE-A1 does not participate directly in the drug-resistant phenotype, the expression of MAGE-A1 could be a marker for the prediction of resistance to taxan-based chemotherapies in patients with GC.