Improvement of Chitinase produced from Chitin of DesertLocust by Streptomyces halstedii strain Isolated from Jeddah,KSA

The desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria, is an economically harmful pest of many crops in many parts of Africa and Asia. Major outbreaks have occurred in Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Eritrea, Somalia, Madagascar and Ethiopia [7]. The chitin degradation of collected desert locust into low molecular weight called Chito-oligomers is done by chitinases from different sources of microorganisms. There are many various applications of chitinase Chitinase takes great care due to its part in the biocontrol of harmful pests [29] and biocontrol of fungal phytopathogens Chitinases may be used to convert chitin-containing biomass like desert locust into useful components. Chitinase obtained from S. marcescens was used by their group to hydrolyze the chitinous material and P. kudriavzevii yeast, to produce single-cell protein (SCP) that was acceptable as aquaculture feeding. Also, the SCP production from chitinous waste has been applied using chitinase from M. verrucaria and S. cerevisiae Also, an important medical use for chitinases for example, antifungal drugs for fungal diseases therapy [34] and a host defense effector in the immune system of mammalian Various chitinases have been detected in various Streptomyces sp., such as S. antibioticus [15], S. griseus Streptomyces sp. MT7 was isolated from the soil and it produces, chitinase, protease, glucanase and a highaffinity iron-chelating compound. It exhibits a wide range of activity against wood-rotting fungi Streptomyces lydicus showed an antifungal activity Streptomyces halstedii, S. cavourensis SY224 and S. griseus gave chitinases with a highly effective as antifungal. In order to increase the productivity and minimize the cost of production, it is very important to optimize of the medium used for chitinase production and study the effect of different environmental conditions [10] [43] [45] [14] [1] [20] [42]. The Streptomyces development has been exhibited by mutagenesis, conjugative mechanism, fusion of parental protoplasts, and cloning DNA methods for antibiotics and enzymes productivities One mutant of Streptomyces sp. was producing high