Small rainbow trout (5-20 g) adapt to salinities of up to at least 22%o but not to full strength sea water. In adapted fish plasma ions are regulated near the fresh water values, but there is an ionic invasion of the tissues, particularly by Cl− in muscle cells. Analysis of ionic regulation in adapted fish indicates that balance is maintained mainly by expending energy on Cl− regulation. Fish in full strength sea water can no longer regulate Na+ or Cl− in plasma or tissues, which results in high tissue concentrations of these ions and eventual death.
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Eddy et al. (1979) studied this question.
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