Colluvial mantles on the mountains of southwestern United States are believed to have formed during colder climates associated with the last glaciation. They imply mean temperatures 10–11°C. lower than those of today and a depression of the timber line by 1,300–1,400 meters. Evaporation rates were about half the present values and by estimating runoff it is possible to reconstruct the full-glacial hydrologic budget of Pleistocene closed lakes. Precipitation was eighty to ninety percent of present values and there was no glacial pluvial. Pollen data can be reconciled with the proposed cold dry climate which has modern homoclimes at higher altitudes and latitudes.
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R. W. Galloway (1970) studied this question.