Quantum-chromodynamic potential model for light and heavy quarkonia

Our earlier treatment for the investigation of the cc̄, bb̄, and tt̄ spectra is extended to other quarkonia with u, d, s, c, and b quarks. We find that it is possible to account fully for the observed ground-state hyperfine splittings of light as well as heavy quarkonia provided that the perturbative quantum-chromodynamic potential is supplemented not only by the nonperturbative confining potential but also by a nonperturbative annihilation potential which rapidly decreases with increase in the quark mass. We also give our predictions for the experimentally interesting bū, bs̄, and bc̄ systems with unknown mass splittings.