Rational-Choice Models of Political Behavior vs. Functionalist and Conformist Theories

After a virtual neglect for several decades, in the last twenty years renewed interest has been shown in a general theory of social behavior. Most of this theoretical work has depended on two main postulates. One is the functionalist (sometimes called structural-functional) approach to the explanation of social institutions, based on the assumption that the social institutions of a given society can best be understood in terms of their social functions , that is, in terms of the contributions they make to the maintenance of social systems as a whole. For lack of an established technical term, we shall call the other postulate the conformist approach to the explanation of individual behavior : it is based on the assumption that uniformities of individual behavior in a given society can best be understood in terms of certain commonly accepted social values , which most members of the society tend to internalize during their socialization process.