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The one-dimensional-turbulence method is extended to capture turbulence modulation caused by particles in stationary forced, homogeneous isotropic turbulence. Because of the very low computational costs of the one-dimensional model, it enables, after validation with direct numerical simulations, the study of turbulent parameter ranges that are not otherwise accessible. This study is a first step in the development toward a reliable subgrid-scale model for high-turbulent large-eddy simulations.
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Fistler et al. (2020) studied this question.
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