Experimental study reveals apparent body position shifts opposite to visual frame tilt, indicating illusory body tilt partially drives the rod-and-frame effect.
Three experiments examined the role of illusory body tilt in the Rod‐and‐Frame Test. With both body adjustment and magnitude estimation procedures, a shift of the apparent body position occurred in the opposite direction of frame tilt. It was concluded that illusory body tilt can partially account for the rod‐and‐frame effect.
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Sigman et al. (1977) studied this question.
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