Inspiratory crackles--early and late

Nath, A. R. and Capel, L. H. (1974).Thorax, 29, 223-227. Inspiratory crackles early and late. Inspiratory crackles were recorded simultaneously with the inspiratory flow rate in patients with airways obstruction and in those with a restrictive defect. Early inspiratory crackles were associated with severe airways obstruction and late inspiratory crackles with a restrictive defect.