Inspired by the sandcastle worm, fluid complex coacervates of polyelectrolytes were formulated as water-borne underwater adhesives. The partially immiscible fluid phase can be delivered underwater and sets into a weight-bearing solid triggered by a change in the pH or temperature. Irreversible hardening occurs through oxidative coupling between catechol and primary amine sidechains.
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Shao et al. (2009) studied this question.
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