The phase velocities of the optical waves guided in nematic-liquid-crystal waveguides can be electrically modulated by about 10 percent. Optical deflection in such waveguides are demonstrated in a configuration with an electric field applied across a film of thickness of the order of 1 μ. Effective index of refraction is changed by about 0.01/volt. Response time of the effect is in the millisecond range. Results of an analysis show good agreement with the measurements.
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Hu et al. (1974) studied this question.
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