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An improved prism coupling system is described, employing a taperdd air-gap between the prism and the waveguide, and featuring use of a common prism to provide for both input and output coupling. The system is optimized for the small refractive index gradient out-diffused lithium niobate waveguide. Input coupling efficiency is increased significantly (to 79%) by an optimization of coupling parameters. Surface electrodes attached to the electrooptic waveguide, in the air-gap under the prism, further improved (∼20%) the efficiency of prism coupling.
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Holman et al. (1980) studied this question.
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