Variational calculations of subbands in a quantum well with uniform electric field: Gram–Schmidt orthogonalization approach

We present variational calculations of subband eigenstates in an infinite quantum well with an applied electric field using Gram–Schmidt orthogonalized trial wave functions. The results agree very well with the exact numerical solutions even up to 1200 kV/cm. We also show that for increasing electric fields the energy of the ground state decreases, while that of higher subband states increases slightly up to 1000 kV/cm and then decreases for a well size of 100 Å.