Corn oil enhances γ‐glutamyl transpeptidase‐positive foci development in the presence of phenobarbital during hepatocarcinogenesis in rats

We investigated the effects of type of dietary fat and phenobarbital on gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase-positive foci development. Four groups of six female Sprague-Dawley rats were initiated with diethylnitrosamine (15 mg/kg) at 24 hours of age. After weaning, they were fed nutritionally complete semipurified diets containing 15% corn oil or 5% corn oil + 10% fish oil and supplemented with 5,000 ppm vitamin E with or without phenobarbital (500 ppm) for three months. Dietary fish oil significantly increased hepatic phospholipid eicosapentaenoate and docosahexaenoate concentrations and decreased arachidonate concentration compared with 15% corn oil (p < 0.05). Corn oil (15%) significantly increased hepatic prostaglandin F2 alpha concentration compared with 10% fish oil (p < 0.05). Phenobarbital significantly stimulated glutathione S-transferase activity in both dietary fat groups (p < 0.05). In the absence of phenobarbital, type of dietary fat showed no effect on hepatic gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase-positive foci development. However, in the presence of phenobarbital, 15% corn oil significantly enhanced gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase-positive foci development compared with 10% fish oil (p < 0.05). Phenobarbital showed a strong tumor-promoting action in both dietary groups. In conclusion, there was an interaction between type of dietary fat and phenobarbital on gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase-positive foci development during hepatocarcinogenesis in rats.