Quintuple-shelled SnO2 hollow microspheres are prepared by a hard-template method. DSSCs constructed with SnO2 multi-shell photoanodes show a record photoconversion efficiency of 7.18% due to enhanced light scattering. SnO2 hollow microspheres that are utilized as a scattering layer on top of P25 films increase the DSSC photoconversion efficiency from 7.29% to 9.53%.
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Dong et al. (2013) studied this question.