Tadalafil pretreatment attenuates doxorubicin-induced hepatorenal toxicity by modulating oxidative stress and inflammation in Wistar rats

Figures

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  Fig. 1. A representative photographic section of (i). untreated normal control rat hepatic tissue showing normal hepatic architecture (x100 magnification, Hematoxylin & Eosin stains) (1a); (ii). untreated DOX intoxicated rat hepatic tissue showing severe central hepatic vascular congestion (indicated in red thick arrow) and hepatocyte congestion and vacuolation (indicated in black thick arrow) (x100 magnification, Hematoxylin & Eosin stains) (1b); (iii). 20 mg/kg/day SIL-only pretreated hepatic tissue showing normal hepatic vasculature and hepatocytes (x100 magnification, Hematoxylin & Eosin stains) (1c); (iv). 20 mg/kg/day SIL pretreated + DOX-treated rat hepatic tissue showing moderate lymphocytic infiltration of the hepatic portal triad (indicated in thick blue arrow) (x100 magnification, Hematoxylin & Eosin stains) (1d); (v). 5 mg/kg/day TAD-only pretreated rat hepatic tissue showing mild hepatic congestion (indicated in red thin arrow) (x100 magnification, Hematoxylin & Eosin stain) (1e); (vi). 2.5 mg/kg/day TAD + 2.5 mg/kg DOX-treated rat hepatic tissue showing moderate hepatic vascular congestion (indicated in red thin arrow) and mild lympohocytic infiltration of the hepatic…

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  Fig. 2. A representative photographic section of (i). untreated normal control rat kidney tissue showing normal tubulo-glomerular architecture (x100 magnification, Hematoxylin & Eosin stains) (2a); (ii). untreated DOX intoxicated rat kidney tissue showing diffuse glomerular atrophy (indicated by green thick arrows) and severe tubulo-interstitial congestion (indicated by red thick arrows) with lymphocytic infiltration (indicated by blue thick arrows) (x100 magnification, Hematoxylin & Eosin stains) (2b); (iii). 20 mg/kg/day SIL-only pretreated renal tissue showing normal glomeruli and convoluted tubules (x100 magnification, Hematoxylin & Eosin stains) (2c); (iv). 20 mg/kg/day SIL pretreated + DOX-treated rat kidney tissue showing moderate tubulo-interstitial congestion (indicated by red thick arrow) and focal glomerular thickening (indicated by black thick arrow) (x100 magnification, Hematoxylin & Eosin stains) (2d); (v). 5 mg/kg/day TAD-only pretreated rat renal tissue showing focal glomerular atrophy (indicated by black thick arrow) and normal interstitium (x100 magnification, Hematoxylin & Eosin stain) (2e); (vi). 2.5 mg/kg/day TAD + 2.5 mg/kg DOX-treated rat kidney tissue showing…