The carrying out of surveys across language barriers raises several problems related to translation and the use of bilingual personnel, and intensifies the necessity of considering carefully the reliability of procedures and the validity of results. This article, based in part on conversations with representatives of several research agencies, systematizes some of the experience of those who have worked on international surveys. Susan Ervin is a social psychologist on the research staff of the Bureau of Social Science Research at the American University and Robert T. Bower is the Director of the Bureau.
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Ervin et al. (1952) studied this question.
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