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In a 1966 study of 350 recent fathers (Negro married and living in Washington D.C.) powerlessness was found to be a relatively strong correlate of regularity of contraceptive practice even when 8 other related variables are controlled. Of men low in powerlessness (measured on a 4 point scale by response to a series of negative statements) 88% practiced contraception consistently with intercourse compared to 10% of men high in powerlessness. It is suggested that future fertility is now being influenced by this relationship and powerlessness is a variable worth considering in further fertility research.
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Bauman et al. (1972) studied this question.
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