The beneficial role of lutein and zeaxanthin in cataracts

Cataracts remain the leading cause of visual loss and blindness worldwide. Cataract surgery is the most common surgical procedure in several countries and its occurrence is expected to increase substantially due to the ageing of the population and the reduced visual acuity threshold required for considering it. Cataracts are characterised by lens opacity and are caused by the precipitation of proteins induced by oxidative damage. The fact that oxidation of the lens is a contributing cause for cataracts suggests that antioxidants may play a positive role in cataract prevention. Lutein and zeaxanthin, two dietary xanthophylls exclusively deposited in the macula lutea and known for their beneficial role in age-related macular degeneration, are the only carotenoids deposited in the lens and may have an important role in reducing the ROSinduced damage of the lens contributing to cataract development. This paper will review the current science derived from epidemiological and intervention studies addressing the association between lutein and zeaxanthin intake, their serum level, and the possible benefits for primary prevention of age-related cataract. Additional insights into the potential health cost savings from the increased intake of these dietary ingredients originating from a U.S. study are also provided.