A proposal to characterize appearance in three different categories—color, cesia, and spatial properties or spatiality—is made. Color will include whiteness and yellowing and is related to optical power spectral properties of the stimulus detected by observers. Cesia will include transparency, translucence, gloss, luster, haze, lightness, opacity, matt, etc., and is related to the properties of reflecting, transmitting, or diffusing light by objects or materials evaluated by human observation. Spatial properties are divided in two main groups: (1) modes of appearance in which color is modified depending on the angle of observation related to the light incidence angle, such as metallic, pearlescent, or iridescent materials, and (2) modes of appearance related to optical properties of surfaces or objects in which effects of ordered patterns (textures) or finishing characteristics can be described by spatial filtering (roughness, polish, distinctness of image, orange peel, etc.).
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Roberto Lozano (2006) studied this question.
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