Determinants and Temporal Trends of Dual Antiplatelet Therapy After Mild Noncardioembolic Stroke

BACKGROUND: Short-term dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) reduces early stroke recurrence after mild noncardioembolic ischemic stroke (NCIS). We aim to evaluate temporal trends and determinants of DAPT prescription after mild NCIS in the Florida Stroke Registry, a statewide registry across Get With The Guidelines-Stroke participating hospitals. METHODS: In this cross-sectional analysis of a cohort study, we included patients with mild NCIS (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score ≤3) who were potentially eligible for DAPT across 168 Florida Stroke Registry participating hospitals between January 2010 and September 2022. Using antiplatelet prescription as the dependent variable (DAPT versus single antiplatelet therapy), we fit logistic regression models adjusted for patient-related factors, hospital-related factors, clinical presentation, vascular risk factors, and ischemic stroke subtype, to obtain adjusted odds ratios (aORs) with 95% CIs. RESULTS: From 283 264 Florida Stroke Registry ischemic stroke patients during the study period, 109 655 NCIS were considered eligible. Among these, 37 058 patients with National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score >3 were excluded, resulting in a sample of 72 597 mild NCIS (mean age 68±14 years; female 47.3%). Overall, 24 693 (34.0%) patients with mild NCIS were discharged on DAPT and 47 904 (66.0%) on single antiplatelet therapy. DAPT prescription increased from 25.7% in 2010 to 52.8% in 2022 ( β /year 2.5% [95% CI, 1.5%–3.4%]). Factors associated with DAPT prescription were premorbid antiplatelet therapy (aOR, 4.66 [95% CI, 2.20–9.88]), large-artery atherosclerosis (aOR, 1.68 [95% CI, 1.43–1.97]), diabetes (aOR, 1.29 [95% CI, 1.13–1.47]), and hyperlipidemia (aOR, 1.24 [95% CI, 1.10–1.39]), whereas female sex (aOR, 0.83 [95% CI, 0.75–0.93]), being non-Hispanic Black patients (compared with non-Hispanic White patients; aOR, 0.78 [95% CI, 0.68–0.90]), admission to a Thrombectomy-capable Stroke Center (compared with Comprehensive Stroke Center; aOR, 0.78 [95% CI, 0.66–0.92]), time-to-presentation 1 to 7 days from last seen well (compared with <24 h; aOR, 0.86 [95% CI, 0.76–0.96]), and small-vessel disease stroke (aOR, 0.81 [95% CI, 0.72–0.94]) were associated with not receiving DAPT at discharge. CONCLUSIONS: Despite a temporal trend increase in DAPT prescription after mild NCIS, we found substantial underutilization of evidence-based DAPT associated with significant disparities in stroke care.