The role of MicroRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers in Rheumatoid arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune inflammatory disease. Approximately 1% of the world's population and 0.29% of Egyptians suffer from this disease. It is accompanied by ongoing inflammation and synovium hyperplasia, which, if left untreated, can cause severe joint degeneration and abnormalities. This disease's etiology is still unknown; however, RA development is significantly influenced by several genetic and environmental variables. Even though various treatments are accessible to the clinician, they are prone to failure or limited responses, seldom attain long-term remission, as well as are accompanied by systemic complications. Therefore, recent research on the epigenetics of RA has mainly focused on microRNA (miRNA) dysregulation in the disease, explains various RA pathophysiology features, and reveals new biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of RA. Here, we reviewed the data on the deregulations of miRNA expression in RA that are currently accessible and discussed their potential as diagnostic biomarkers for patients with RA.