The Effects of Low-intensity Blood Flow Restriction Training on Post-surgical ACL Reconstruction Recovery: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Background: Effective postoperative rehabilitation is crucial for anterior cruciate ligament recovery. Low-intensity induced blood flow restriction (BFR) training has emerged as a promising intervention for enhancing muscle functional capacity. However, the efficacy of these regimens compared to traditional high-intensity training in the context of ACL reconstruction remains undetermined. Objectives: The study aimed to evaluate the effects of low-intensity BFR training on muscle strength and functional outcomes following ACL reconstruction surgery. Material and Methods: It was a randomized controlled trial that included 60 patients, who went to ACL reconstruction and were randomly assigned to either a BFR training group ( n = 30) or a traditional high-intensity training group ( n = 30). Both groups underwent a 12-week intervention with follow-up assessment at 6- and 12-month post-surgery. Outcomes include quadriceps and hamstring strength measured by an isokinetic dynamometer, and knee functional capacity by the International Knee Document Committee Score (IKDC), and Lysholm score. Quality of life score evaluated by knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score (KOOS). Results: After 12 weeks of intervention, the BFR training group determined a significant improvement in peak torque and Functional capacity ( P < 0.001) as compared to the conventional therapy group. The BFR group reported high satisfaction and quality of score measured by the KOOS scale ( P < 0.001). Conclusion: Low-intensity training is more effective than traditional high-intensity training in improving muscle strength and functional outcomes following ACL reconstruction surgery. These findings suggest that BFR training could be integrated into standard postoperative rehabilitation protocols to enhance recovery and patient satisfaction.