Beyond Poliomyelitis: A 21-Year Study of Non-Polio Enterovirus Genotyping and Its Relevance in Acute Flaccid Paralysis in São Paulo, Brazil

Figures

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  Figure 3. Multiple-sequence-alignment analysis (a, c, g, and t nucleotide window: 150–175) and maximum clade credibility (MCC) tree from partial sequences (VP1) of EV-A species: EV-A71 (321 bp), CVA2 (304 bp), CVA3 (301 bp), CVA4 (306 bp), CVA5 (300 bp), CVA6 (294 bp), CVA8 (329 bp), CVA10 (332 bp), and CVA16 (335 bp). The genotype was defined as more than 75% nucleotide similarities in the VP1 region. GenBank reference strains are highlighted in blue. Genotypes isolated in this study are highlighted in red. The rate of nucleotide substitution (Bayesian MCMC) is shown by the color gradient in the phylogenetic tree.

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  Figure 4. Multiple-sequence-alignment analysis (a, c, g, and t nucleotide window: 150–175) and maximum clade credibility (MCC) tree from partial sequences (VP1) of EV-B species: CVB2 (331 bp), CVB3 (327 bp), CVB4 (322 bp), CVB5 (33 bp), E1 (334 bp), E3 (319 bp), E6 (332 bp), E7 (334 bp), E9 (309 bp), E11 (33 bp), E13 (334 bp), E14 (317 bp), E16 (317 bp), E18 (311 bp), E25 (334 bp), E30 (318 bp). The genotype was defined as more than 75% nucleotide similarities in the VP1 region. GenBank reference strains are highlighted in blue. Genotypes isolated in this study are highlighted in red. The rate of nucleotide substitution (Bayesian MCMC) is shown by the color gradient in the phylogenetic tree.

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  Figure 5. Multiple-sequence-alignment analysis (a, c, g, and t nucleotide window: 150–175) and maximum clade credibility (MCC) tree from partial sequences (VP1) of EV-C species: EV-C99 (333 bp), CVA11 (363 bp), CVA13 (338 bp), CVA19 (332 bp), and CVA24 (364 bp). The genotype was defined as more than 75% nucleotide similarities in the VP1 region. GenBank reference strains are highlighted in blue. Genotypes isolated in this study are highlighted in red. The rate of nucleotide substitution (Bayesian MCMC) is shown by the color gradient in the phylogenetic tree.

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  Figure 1. Cumulative cases (%) of NPEV-positive cases in the AFP/Poliomyelitis Surveillance Program by month during 2001–2021.

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  Figure 2. Distribution of EV-A, EV-B, and EV-C species, from 2001 to 2021. NTEV: not type EV.