Cluster analysis identifies quantitative CT imaging-based subgroups in COPD subjects with pulmonary artery enlargement

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  FIGURE 1. All-cause mortality by clusters of COPD subjects with pulmonary artery/aorta diameter ratio >1. a) In a univariate survival analysis, there was a significant difference in survival across Clusters 1 through 3 (log-rank p<0.0001) as well as between Clusters 2 and 3 (p=0.001) where loss of distal small arterial vascular volume occurred in the absence and presence of emphysema, respectively. b) Demographic and clinical features by cluster, including the four variables input into the k-means cluster analysis. BMI: body mass index; mMRC: modified Medical Research Council dyspnoea score; LABA: long-acting beta-agonist; ICS: inhaled corticosteroid; LAMA: long-acting muscarinic antagonist; FEV1: forced expiratory volume in 1 s; FVC: forced vital capacity; DLCO: diffusion capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide; aBV5/aTBV: ratio of small artery volume in cross section (<5 mm2) to total pulmonary artery volume; %LAA-950: percentage of low attenuating tissue less than −950 Hounsfield units. Descriptive variables are presented as mean±sd for normally distributed values and median (interquartile range) for non-normally distributed values. #: COPD medication use missing: Cluster 1:…