Multimodal Intervention to Improve Functional Status in Hypertensive Older Adults: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

Figures

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  Figure 1. Intervention design characteristics.

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  Figure 2. Participant flow through the study.

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  Figure 3. Adjusted mean change in gait speed from baseline to 24-week follow-up according to the randomization group (A–D). Overall adjusted mean change was within groups (E) and according to exercise mode (F). Data are expressed as adjusted mean change within groups with 95% confidence intervals adjusted to age, sex, and baseline status.

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  Figure 4. Adjusted mean change within groups in blood pressure (A,B), body composition (C,D), and exercise capacity (E) from baseline to 24-week follow-up. Data are expressed as adjusted mean change within groups with 95% confidence intervals adjusted to age, sex, and baseline status.

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  Figure 5. Adjusted mean change within groups in lipid (A–D) and fasting glucose profiles (E) and in high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (F) from baseline to 24-week follow-up. Data are expressed as adjusted mean change within groups with 95% confidence intervals adjusted to age, sex, and baseline status. HDL cholesterol: High-density lipoprotein cholesterol; hsCRP: High-sensitivity C-reactive protein; LDL cholesterol: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Log-transformation was used to normalize data distribution (Shapiro–Wilks test, p < 0.05).

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  Figure 6. Adjusted mean change within groups in inflammatory (A–D) and oxidative stress biomarkers (E,F) from baseline to 24-week follow-up. Data are expressed as adjusted mean change within groups with 95% confidence intervals adjusted to age, sex, and baseline status. Log-transformation was used to normalize data distribution (Shapiro-Wilks test, p < 0.05). IL-6: Interleukin-6; MPO: Myeloperoxidase; oxLDL: Oxidized LDL; TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor-α; VCAM-1: Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1.