A 3-D reference model is proposed for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) mobile-to-mobile (M-to-M) multipath-fading channels. From this model, a closed-form joint space–time correlation function is derived for a 3-D nonisotropic scattering environment. Two sum-of-sinusoids-based 3-D simulation models for MIMO M-to-M multipath-fading channels are proposed. The statistics of the simulation models are verified by simulation. Finally, these simulation models are used to evaluate the effect of the space–time correlation on the outage capacity of uniform linear antenna arrays and to compare the capacities of linear, circular, and spherical antenna arrays.
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Zajić et al. (2008) studied this question.
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