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The intriguing Koide relation between lepton masses, , involving electron mass me, muon mass mμ, and tau mass mt, was first presented in 1982. The reason why Q1 ≈ 2/3 has long been unclear. However, describing Standard Model fermions as spheres with radius (Compton wavelength)/4, allows only three fermions in each charge state and avoids the infinite energy density of point particles. Then the Koide parameter Q1 ≈ 2/3 because the electron Compton wavelength is more than 200 times the muon and tau Compton wavelengths. A tau mass equivalent of 1776.98 MeV, within experimental error bars, would result in Q1 = 2/3. The analysis is discussed in the context of efforts to extend the Standard Model of particle physics.
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T. R. Mongan (2021) studied this question.
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