Nanosized-drug delivery systems for treating inflammatory atherosclerosis

Atherosclerosis (AS) is a disease of the large and medium arteries that involves producing lipid-rich plaques in the intima and inner media, with inflammation playing a major role in the pathogenesis. Treatments for AS that are currently accessible are not always totally successful; adverse effects, primarily caused by immunodepression for anti-inflammatory chemicals, restrict their effectiveness. Given the enormous degree of freedom in nanoconstruct design, researchers have spent a lot of time in recent decades developing nanoparticles (NPs) formulations that are specially tailored for medication administration, visibility of atherosclerotic plaques, or a combination of these and other functions. We described the current state of knowledge in these fields, which is required to logically approach the use of NPs for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of AS. We reviewed the research that has been done on (1) understanding the role of the immune system and inflammation in cardiovascular diseases, (2) pathological and biochemical principles in atherosclerotic plaque formation, (3) the latest advances in the use of NPs for the detection and treatment of cardiovascular diseases, and (4) the cellular and animal models that can be used to study the interaction between the immune system and inflammation.