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We demonstrated a self-referenced sensing method in reflection geometry for characterizing aqueous solutions based on terahertz metamaterials. The sensing signal and the reference signal are taken in one measurement from different interfaces of the substrate. For ethanol-water mixture and aqueous solution of NaCl, the line-shape of the modulated response shows distinct polarity, while the peak-valley value near resonant region depends linearly on the solution concentration. These observations result from the variation of dielectric environment near the interface between the metamaterials and the aqueous solutions. This method holds promise for future application in monitoring real aqueous biosystems and ecological water systems.
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Wu et al. (2013) studied this question.
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