The underpotential deposition (UPD) of Bi on Au(100) was investigated in solution using in situ scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). The UPD of Bi occurred in three steps. A structure with a square lattice was found for the first UPD adlayer. This structure is composed of four square clusters, each consisting of four Bi atoms. A structure, in which Bi atoms form zigzag rows, appeared after the second UPD peaks. After the third UPD peak, a structure was observed, in which Bi atoms form a close-packed hexagonal structure.
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Hara et al. (2004) studied this question.
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