Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common class of congenital abnormality, with a global prevalence of approximately 1%. It represents a leading cause of morbidity and mortality resulting from birth defects worldwide. Cardiac left-sided lesions (LSLs) are among the most frequent and severe types of CHD, encompassing phenotypes such as hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS), aortic stenosis (AS), bicuspid aortic valve (BAV), coarctation of the aorta (COA), and interrupted aortic arch (IAA).
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Chen et al. (2024) studied this question.
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