Presynaptic and postsynaptic localization of GABAB receptors in neurons of the rat retina

The recently cloned GABA(B) receptors were localized in rat retina using specific antisera. Immunolabelling was detected in the inner and outer plexiform layers (IPL, OPL), and in a number of cells in the inner nuclear layer and the ganglion cell layer. Double-labelling experiments for GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) and GABA(B) receptors, respectively, demonstrated a co-localization in horizontal cells and amacrine cells. Electron microscopy showed that GABA(B) receptors of the OPL were localized presynaptically in horizontal cell processes invaginating into photoreceptor terminals. In the IPL, GABA(B) receptors were present presynaptically in amacrine cells, as well as postsynaptically in amacrine and ganglion cells. The postnatal development of GABA(B) receptors was also studied, and immunoreactivity was observed well before morphological and synaptic differentiation of retinal neurons. The present results suggest a presynaptic (autoreceptor) as well as postsynaptic role for GABA(B) receptors. In addition, the extrasynaptic localization of GABA(B) receptors could indicate a paracrine function of GABA in the retina.