Beyond play: A scoping review of innovative applications of tabletop role-playing games

Introduction: Tabletop role-playing games (TRPGs) have transitioned from niche entertainment to powerful tools with applications in education, therapy, and social inclusion. Their unique structure fosters creativity, critical thinking, and collaboration, yet comprehensive studies exploring their potential in diverse contexts remain limited. Methodology: This scoping review analyzed 110 studies using PRISMA-ScR guidelines, focusing on TRPG applications across education, mental health, advanced technologies, and community building. Data was extracted from academic databases, emphasizing studies in English, Spanish, and Portuguese. Results: TRPGs showcased remarkable adaptability, improving learning engagement, cognitive development, and therapeutic results. Systems like Dungeons & Dragons dominate the field, facilitating identity exploration, socio-emotional learning, and collaborative problem-solving. However, linguistic biases, the lack of longitudinal studies, and overreliance on specific systems present challenges. Emerging applications include AI-driven storytelling, mixed reality integrations, and tailored educational interventions. Discussion: TRPGs offer immense potential for fostering inclusion, equity, and innovative problem-solving. Their adaptability highlights their role as tools for interdisciplinary collaboration and social innovation. Addressing gaps in diversity and quantitative research is critical to realizing their full potential. Conclusion: TRPGs are transformative tools for education, therapy, and social engagement. Future research should prioritize inclusivity, explore underrepresented populations, and expand technological integration to unlock broader societal impacts.