Non-invasive evaluation of the adaptations of cardiac function in the neonatal period: a comparison of healthy infants delivered by vaginal route and caesarean section.

45 healthy infants (n=22 born vaginally, n=23 born by caesarean section)

Vaginal delivery

Caesarean section delivery

Cardiac hemodynamics (cardiac output, heart rate, stroke volume, mean arterial pressure, total systemic vascular resistance, ejection fraction, and ductus arteriosus diameter) evaluated by Doppler echocardiography at 1, 24 and 72 h of lifesurrogate