Application of Inhibitors for Acid Media: Report prepared for the European Federation of Corrosion Working Party on Inhibitors

Prominent examples of inhibitors recommended to protect metallic materials, especially ferrous metals and alloys, from corrosion in hydrochloric, sulphuric, nitric, hydrofluoric, phosphoric, sulphamic, citric, acetic, hydroxyacetic or formic acid or ammonium bifluoride, during acid pickling, scale removal, acid cleaning or oil and gas well acidizing, are discussed with respect to the individual problems connected with the technical applications of these various kinds of acid treatment. The structures of organic inhibitors are given including N-containing compounds (amines, Mannich bases, alkynoxymethylamines, ammonium compounds heteroaromatics, oximes, nitriles, nitro compounds), acetylenic alcohols, S-containing compounds (mercaptans, thioethers, sulphonium compounds, sulphoxides, thioureas, thiocyanates, heteroaromatics, etc.) and complexones.