Challenges and Strategies Toward Future Stable Perovskite Photovoltaics

In recent years, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have received widespread attention due to their superior photovoltaic performance. However, perovskite materials and related films/devices all suffer unfavorable instability issues, which largely hamper their commercialization. In this review, research status, main challenges, and possible strategies to overcome the instability issues in PSCs are comprehensively presented and discussed from four main perspectives, including perovskite, charge transport materials, electrodes, and encapsulations. Related testing standards to accurately evaluate PSC lifetime are also summarized to provide essential guidance toward future advancement of stable PSCs.