Impurities have been injected into Heliotron E in order to study the transport properties of currentless plasmas. In ECH-produced plasmas, the observed impurity transport can be described by purely anomalous diffusion, with a coefficient of the order of D = 2000–5000 cm 2 ·s −1 . During neutral beam operation, the impurity transport can be characterized by considerably weaker diffusion, combined with inward convection. Convection velocities as large as a few hundred centimetres per second are inferred.
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Rice et al. (1984) studied this question.
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