Extension of Sylvatic Circulation of African Swine Fever Virus in Extralimital Warthogs in South Africa

Figures

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  Figure 1. Distribution of 37 outbreaks of African swine fever in South Africa, 1926–1939, for which approximate coordinates (correct to 0.1 degree) were derived from references cited in the text. The South African Protection of Personal Information Act 4 of 2013 precludes divulging names and accurate coordinates of private property.

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  Figure 2. Distribution of 89 outbreaks of African swine fever in South Africa, 1940–2011, for which approximate coordinates (correct to 0.1 degree) were derived from references cited in the text.

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  Figure 3. Distribution of 85 outbreaks of African swine fever in South Africa, 2012–2020, for which approximate coordinates (correct to 0.1 degree) were derived from references cited in the text. The distribution of warthogs outside the controlled area was plotted with QGIS (Penn Libraries, Philadelphia, PA) using data from Swanepoel et al. (17).

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  Figure 4. Sites where samples from warthogs and Eurasian wild boars were obtained and tested for evidence of infection with African swine fever virus, and farms outside the controlled area where African swine fever outbreaks in domestic pigs were ascribed to contact with warthogs in 2017 and 2019.

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  Figure 5. Results of blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) for antibody to African swine fever virus performed on warthog sera obtained from four nature reserves in South Africa (abbreviations as given in the text).