Electrohydraulic lithotripsy with the SD-1 for crushing bladder stones was performed experimentally, in vitro and in vivo. The results of this experiment in laboratory animals and in 19 patients revealed that the procedure is safe and superior to the conventional methods with blind or optical lithotriptors. The methods is easy to learn and application of the technique may be combined in the same session with other urological operations. This procedure was done more than 50 times in toto without any complication.
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Alex M. Raney (1975) studied this question.