Calendering of PVC: Prediction of stress and torque

Using a power-law viscosity, then connecting power-law fluid and thermo-dependence of the viscosity, we compute the applied stresses between the rollers during calendering (pressure curve-maximum pressure and shear stress-roll separating force and the applied opposing torque) as well as the temperature evolution of the polymer in the contact. We checked this model by measuring r (ratio of spread height to nip width), the power consumed by the roll of the calender, the roll separating force, and the torque on a simulation apparatus.