The role of reaction time training in enhancing balance and fall prevention: a systematic review

Introduction Reaction time (RT) training has been increasingly explored as an intervention to improve neuromuscular coordination, executive functioning, and motor readiness.Objective This study aims to investigate the effects of cognitive-motor reaction time training on physical performance, balance, and fall risk, including older adults and individuals with neurological conditions.Methods Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, a systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science (January 2000–December 2024).Results A total of 15 studies met inclusion criteria, covering interventions such as virtual reality-based training, exergaming, and dual-task paradigms. RT training significantly improved movement speed, balance, cognitive function, and fall prevention outcomes.Conclusions This review shows that RT training can enhance physical performance, balance, and fall prevention, supporting its use in rehabilitation to improve motor function and independence. Future research should explore long-term effects and optimize intervention protocols. Findings have implications for rehabilitation, sports performance, and occupational safety.