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In October 1974, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued FASB Statement No. 2, Accounting for Research and Development Costs (henceforth FAS2). The essence of the mandated accounting treatment is stated in paragraph 12 of the Statement: All research and development [R&D] costs encompassed by this Statement shall be charged to expense when incurred. This accounting treatment was contrary to the practice followed by many firms which capitalized and amortized R&D costs. The Board's definition of R&D costs is quite inclusive following, with some modifications, the commonly used interpretation by the National Science Foundation. The Board defines R&D, in paragraph 8, as follows:
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Dukes et al. (1980) studied this question.
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