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The plantar fascia is a strong, fibrous aponeurosis that originates from the plantar tuberosity of the calcaneus and fans out into 3 bands that insert into the bases of the proximal phalanges. The central band anatomically and structurally dominates the medial and lateral bands. The thick plantar fat pad protects and cushions the origin and insertion, while the midsubstance can be palpated subcutaneously when the plantar fascia is tensioned. Dorsiflexion of the toes, and especially the hallux, activates the windlass mechanism
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Alan C. League (2008) studied this question.