PLL-Based Seamless Transfer Control Between Grid-Connected and Islanding Modes in Grid-Connected Inverters

This paper proposes a phase-locked loop (PLL)-based seamless transfer control method between grid-connected and islanding modes in a three-phase grid-connected inverter. The PLL is used to synchronize the phase of the load voltage to a grid voltage in grid-connected operation, and to generate an angle with the desired frequency in islanding operation. The stability of both the grid current loop for grid-connected operation and the load voltage control loop for islanding operation is analyzed. The phase and magnitude of the load voltage are successively matched to the grid voltage for a seamless transfer from islanding to grid-connected operation. When grid voltage sag occurs, an operating sequence including a PLL operation is suggested in order to transfer smoothly to islanding operation and to provide a stable and seamless voltage to a sensitive load under the voltage sag condition. The simulation and experimental results are carried out to verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.