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A practical range-resolved differential absorption and scattering lidar has been optimized for maximum range and sensitivity. Compression of the signal amplitude dynamics, quasi-simultaneous dual-pulse operation, the processing sequence of the primary signals, a method of alignment mismatch compensation, and the effects of temporal and spatial averaging are discussed. Experimental verifications with a four-laser system for NO2 and SO2 are presented. For NO2 a range of up to 6 km at a sensitivity of 10 ppb and for SO2 a range up to 3 km at 15-ppb sensitivity have been accomplished.
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Staehr et al. (1985) studied this question.
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