2,3-bis(4-(phenyl(4-(1,2,2-triphenylvinyl)phenyl)amino)phenyl)fumaronitrile (TTF) shows unique aggregation-induced emission (AIE) characteristics. Under the excitation of a 1560 nm femtosecond laser, simultaneous three-photon-excited luminescence (3PL) and third-harmonic-generation signals can be observed from its nanoaggregate and the solid state. TTF is further encapsulated with DSPE-mPEG (a type of amphiphilic polymer) to form AIE-active nanoparticles. 3PL brain imaging of mice is achieved based on the nanoparticles.
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Qian et al. (2015) studied this question.
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