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Capacitive flexible sensors often encounter instability caused by temperature fluctuations, electromagnetic interference, stray capacitance effects, and signal noise induced by ubiquitous vibrations. The challenge lies in achieving comprehensive anti-jamming abilities while preserving a simplistic structure and manufacturing process. To tackle this dilemma, a straightforward and effective design is utilized to achieve comprehensive and robust anti-jamming properties in capacitive sensors. Electrospinning thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) fiber mats soak with ionic liquid (IL) to create a co-continuous structure (TPU@IL) with high ionic conductivity and dielectric constant, which acts as the sensing units. The sensing mechanism of the TPU@IL with multiple electrode pairs encapsulated by polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is systematically elucidated. The optimal dual-electrode pair design for capacitive and resistive sensors, which have different sensitivities to temperature and stress, simultaneous realizes temperature-stress dual-mode sensing. Remarkably, the sensitivity curve of the TPU@IL/PET capacitive sensor exhibits an intriguing rarely reported S-shape with an adjustable step stress point. No liquid leakage even during extensive stress-strain cycling (>4000 cycles). Despite a slight compromise in sensitivity and response time, the TPU@IL/PET sensor demonstrates exceptional electromechanical stability, reliability, and powerful anti-jamming abilities against various interferences. A simple yet innovative sensor design enhances the performance and applicability of capacitive sensors in challenging environments.
Chen et al. (Wed,) studied this question.